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Operators are used to perform functions on variables and values.
In the example below, we use + operator to add two values together:
int x = 100 + 50;
Although operator + is often used to add two values, as in the example above, they can also be used to add variable and value, or variables and other variables:
int sum1 = 100 + 50; // 150 (100 + 50)
int sum2 = sum1 + 250; // 400 (150 + 250)
int sum3 = sum2 + sum2; // 800 (400 + 400)
Java divides the operators into the following groups:
Arithmetic operators are used to perform routine mathematical operations.
| Operator | Name | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| + | Addition | Adds together two values | x + y |
| - | Subtraction | Subtracts one value from another | x - y |
| * | Multiplication | Multiplies two values | x * y |
| / | Division | Divides one value by another | x / y |
| % | Modulus | Returns the division remainder | x % y |
| ++ | Increment | Increases the value of a variable by 1 | ++x |
| -- | Decrement | Decreases the value of a variable by 1 | --x |
Assignment operators are used to assign variable values.
In the example below, we use a share operator (=) to assign a value to 10 of the variables called x:
int x = 10;
The add-on operator (+ =) adds value to the variant:
int x = 10;
x += 5;
List of all share operators:
| Operator | Example | Same As |
|---|---|---|
| = | x = 5 | x = 5 |
| += | x += 3 | x = x + 3 |
| -= | x -= 3 | x = x - 3 |
| *= | x *= 3 | x = x * 3 |
| /= | x /= 3 | x = x / 3 |
| %= | x %= 3 | x = x % 3 |
| &= | x &= 3 | x = x & 3 |
| |= | x |= 3 | x = x | 3 |
| ^= | x ^= 3 | x = x ^ 3 |
| >>= | x >>= 3 | x = x >> 3 |
| <<= | x <<= 3 | x = x << 3 |
Comparison operators are used to compare two values:
| Operator | Name | Example |
|---|---|---|
| == | Equal to | x == y |
| != | Not equal | x != y |
| > | Greater than | x > y |
| < | Less than | x < y |
| >= | Greater than or equal to | x >= y |
| <= | Less than or equal to | x <= y |
Logical operators are used to determine the assumption between variables or values:
| Operator | Name | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| && | Logical and | Returns true if both statements are true | x < 5 && x < 10 |
| || | Logical or | Returns true if one of the statements is true | x < 5 || x < 4 |
| ! | Logical not | Reverse the result, returns false if the result is true | !(x < 5 && x < 10) |