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Python Modules
What is a Module?
Consider the module to match the code library.
A file containing a set of tasks that you want to include in your application.
Create a Module
To create a module simply save the code you want to a file with the .py file extension:
Example
Save this code in a file named mymodule.py
def greeting(name):
print("Hello, " + name)
Use a Module
We can now use the newly created module, using the import statement:
Example
Import the module named mymodule, and call the greeting function:
import mymodule
mymodule.greeting("Jonathan")
Note: If you are using a module function, use the syntax: module_name.function_name.
Variables in Module
The module can contain functions, as already described, but also variations of all types (arrays, dictionaries, objects, etc.):
Example
Save this code in the file mymodule.py
person1 = {
"name": "John",
"age": 36,
"country": "Norway"
}
Example
Import the module named mymodule, and access the person1 dictionary:
import mymodule
a = mymodule.person1["age"]
print(a)
Naming a Module
You can compose a module file or whatever you like, but it should have a .py file extension
Re-naming a Module
You can create a noun when importing a module, using as keyword:
Example
Create an alias for mymodule called mx:
import mymodule as mx
a = mx.person1["age"]
print(a)
Built-in Modules
There are several modules built into Python, which you can download whenever you like.
Example
Import and use the platform module:
import platform
x = platform.system()
print(x)
Using the dir() Function
There is a built-in function to list all the job names (or variable names) in the module. dir() function:
Example
List all the defined names belonging to the platform module:
import platform
x = dir(platform)
print(x)
Note: The dir () function can be applied to all modules, including the ones you created.
Import From Module
You can choose to import only module components, using the keyword from.
Example
The module named mymodule has one function and one dictionary:
def greeting(name):
print("Hello, " + name)
person1
= {
"name": "John",
"age": 36,
"country":
"Norway"
}
Example
Import only the person1 dictionary from the module:
from mymodule import person1
print (person1["age"])
Note: If you enter using a from keyword, do not use the module name when referring to module items. Example: person1 ["years"], not mymodule.person1 ["years"]